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As everyone knows, the next generation of Chinese air force fighter planes were chosen (that is, marked the fourth generation Chinese fighter (heavy four, maybe change the name soon will be re-V)), won by the 611 program, the aircraft has been more clear that a large-scale air superiority fighter. With the breakthrough in key technologies progress and mature, step by step manner will be used to enhance its performance until it reaches a satisfactory level. Relatively difficult to deal with, it seems, is the high and low in the low-end model with the problem.
611 can re-win this project four years, it seems it really was not a fluke. Review Group's views and one-sided, in itself very telling.
601 programs 611 programs as attractive, and 611 in weight and cost of the program is indeed an advantage, and technology into the way the program is a better understanding of the Chinese Air Force ...
Objectively speaking, the existing conditions and for the foreseeable future, the 611 programs 601 programs than in more realistic situation. Strictly speaking, ~ 611 and 601 are two options to do a copy on the basis of independent innovation of the article, only 601 of the program copied from the outset Unfortunately, the wrong object, and in fact go wrong Road, a copy misplaced and unnecessary programs, lost no accident nor innocent.
~ 611 compared to the program may not really satisfactory, but no choice, investment and money to optimize the perfect time to properly implement it have it! No question who is good and who's bad, no one better only who is more suitable, and who more realistic! in accordance with the views of the Chinese Air Force now, expectations and demands, the programs and the development strategy of 611 or more realistic.
Fourth generation fighter project appraisal certificate 601 and 112 plants of the people do not know how to take user psychology, far from any participation in this regard in international competition / face international users 611 and 132 plants. 601 to those who really are honest get too far, and had to take is within his own practice in a variety of programs in a relatively secure selected, and then to those who actually still have to say that the on-site The project is expected to take at least how much money to vote, which to overcome technical difficulties and present a comprehensive technical requirements to meet the many problems that exist, a lot of things flat out unhappy people, while the program is a big guy.
The most fatal error is the most stupid people ~ ~ 601 did not guarantee the time required for the project in accordance with out!!
In contrast, I heard ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ said at the time was not the responsibility of hearsay ~'s Yang Wei, director of 611, but he is said to set a military order on the spot, to ensure the next generation of the Chinese Air Force fighter prototype selected opportunities in 2010 before the end of first flight. . . .
In this way, who wins, and not difficult to predict it!
(There are several very important to China's future models, is first with Russian descent АЛ-31ФМ Series (99M Series) engine into the sky. Of course, will still have to use our own engine. Because in the past made the third generation of fighter aircraft developed the engine is achieved by Westerner first flight, then ... ... our fourth-generation fighter if they are still being asked to look at the top of the engine using the Westerner's first flight / fly for a while, and not too blame, after all, time waits for no ah!
Wait in line when the major changes would be able to battle too. Later use WS-15, it is estimated to be installed until the WS-15 can be used for at least another 6 to 7 years (though in July 2007, according to defense industry development, promote the country as soon as the fourth-generation fighter research, officially launched the WS-15 project development work, the red forest companies approved as a fuel transfer control of the project development unit, assumed control of multi-type main task of designing and manufacturing accessories. WS-15 is the first of a project before the aircraft engine project. However, due to technical difficulties, so new development of the aero-engine research and development cycle of airframe longer than 5 to 8 years.)
Fortunately, major changes in the line too much weight ratio is not low, then too the line from the series should also Infant mortality Region (early failure period) into UsefulLife Region (normal period), and can make up for WS-15 engine and equipment before the empty slot.
Even so, if the line if the series has always been not very good too, it first with the Russian descent АЛ-31ФМ Series (99M Series) engine, later replaced by WS-15 directly to it)
Of course! Has chosen to engage re-~ ~ d, due to a shortage of 611 twin has experience in the design of large aircraft, so in the 611 to win to re-post this item IV, had to find out a certain part of 601, from 601 to go along some of the technical.
The most important thing is - and strive to be on time, shelf-life victories to complete the research task. Do not just eat alone winning food, but also to lose Do not bear a grudge!! Present China has no way to make our aviation industry as competitive as Americans, really made the technology demonstration demonstrator / prototype to PK will be played before .
So who will inevitably lose is not satisfied, not willing! But from another point of thought, within his own party to lose the program actually optimized is misplaced and superfluous copy / walk the wrong path, does not meet the actual situation, do not attract the attention of experts, not to customer satisfaction program, it can blame? If even the beginning of the project proposals are done, how will the review group believe that they can get the project?!
In short, everything to look forward! Brothers Do not be too care about, love for the country now! Whether CAC or SAC, would like to get alone own one replacement of air power in China is basically impossible, so even as win win project to fly, only to him Lord, want to win the successful completion of the sacred mission, or need a big collaboration with a number, each focused.
Chinese Air Force's next-generation air superiority fighter is not a large air called J12 Li Xiangyang, nor called J13, J14, the number certainly much greater than this. Really do not understand how the arrangement in the end, because after that I heard in several numbers have also been occupied by friends. So the Chinese Air Force has determined - and by the 611 stealth re-developed twin-called F -20 F-course of the !!..... ~ According to the practice of a unit, would certainly have taken F -20 dubbed "X Dragon" fighter!!
As for the number of rows where, and why are 20 now?! This is purely a domestic own business, not in order, and U.S. imperialism in the F-22A, F-35 Competition digital size. I can see a few years later, when some foreign media reports mentioned that when J -20, may be called ChineseF-20fighter / CHINAS CHENGDU F-20 fighter (as some foreign media said today as ChineseF-10 J -10 fighter / CHINAS CHENGDU F-10fighter), that moment must have come down in frustrated former Tiger sharks (TigerShark) tears in the old tomb and said: "This kid, and my namesake ah. sincere wish him more powerful, more robust! destroyed the Han Han Han's, exports to sulk for the old man!
Cheng Fei in early 2009, have a great job with the Shenyang Aircraft mobilization, YANG no longer serve as director of the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute office, transferred to deputy chief engineer in the aircraft industry; changed either by the quarter Xiaoguang, director of the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute. Sun Cong ceased to be director of the Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute office, but also turn he was appointed Deputy Chief Engineer Aviation Industry Corporation, replaced by Zhao Min any Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute.
Yang Wei Cong new position with the Sun is responsible for one of the major Chinese air force selected the next generation of aircraft models.
Chinese Air Force selected the next generation of fighters on the ship there is no plan, at least for now, its not this type of thing the Navy.
Air Force next-generation fighter program in China, competition in the assessment of loss of 601, the first generation of our military in the development of carrier-based fighter J-15, but also than the former and then again on a decade or so later the army will be developed second-generation carrier-based fighter. It is estimated that the program used in the project appraisal review defeat of the "program" switch to carrier-based design. With the Navy on a ship in a related model, already drawing 601.
Many people think that - that are engaged by the Chinese Air Force 611 last year, four generations of the selected machine, or to give more consideration to the ship, it was suggested to China Aviation Industry Corporation defense subsidiary to undertake the twin projects stealth re-F , took the program as the main body 611. Money to pay the Air Force voted the national capital, to achieve the program. Then the Navy also really invest money and then, 611 has been the Air Force selected in this program continue to improve, to do carrier program.
The problem is not fully considered the beginning of things to be on the ship, into the feasibility of the number of carrier aircraft? Difficult how high?! Really would be more peace of mind to save money?!, Or go first safe think of run.
Furthermore, four generations of machines with standard carrier-based aircraft, such things are bound to do a think about it, but how the Navy is positioned. To 601 out, how can not understand? First, people are now engaged in J-15, carrier-based fighter developed for the design and practical experience with the (even if not to mention a wealth of experience), and second, people of low technological level (I'm not sure who in the end is the curse 601 What state of mind) and the third is the Air Force had four generations of local people get the job, if not no rice on the future, but the J-15, after all, three generations, not to 601 but also put forward a four-generation aircraft carrier-based version, do the Chinese to be self-inflicted martial arts? create the next generation fighter under development when the project found to be only a strong can do 611 to?!
Although the single-carrier from China, the number of the foreseeable, the more than ten years or even twenty years later, with four generations of carrier-based aircraft manufacturing unit standard number may not be too much. But do not ignore ~ ~ Naval Air Force, according to the different landing base is divided into land-based aviation and air carrier. Land-based naval air force fighters and then count the upgrading of the estimated future aggregate demand, at least no less than two hundred!
Fourth, after the J-15 carrier-based aircraft early identification of a successor, to 601 out, you can do to ensure that the Chinese Air Force 611 last year to concentrate on four generations of the selected machine, not half-hearted, eating bowls of still misses the pot .
J-15 carrier-based opportunities in what engine?
Aviation accident rate as the engine should behave as a "bathtub curve." Bathtubcurve = bathtub curve, bathtub curve, curve, display products, the failure rate at different times. Consists mainly of InfantmortalityRegion = early death of the (early failure period), Useful Life Region = normal period (random failure period), WearoutRegion = loss of (degenerate expiry date). That equipment used in the beginning, the engine's high accident rate, and then enter a long time to reduce and stabilize the state, and finally to the end of the engine life, accident rates will rise again, so the function curve showing the shape of the tub.
"Bathtub theory" "bathtub curve" is not casual, the U.S. military will "bathtub curve" used to explain the statistical equipped aircraft or engine service life in different stages during the good rate. According to U.S. military statistics, the U.S. military's F-16 series started from 1975 and changing, just fly hundred and sixty one hour, there is a crash crash, every one hundred thousand hours flying the aircraft accident rate of six hundred xxi. Twelve second year, as high as four hundred forty-two. Twenty-eight, third, four years a little better, but the first five years, the U.S. F-16's crash rate, there are three. Tiananmen, and then slowly decreased.
Reliability, with the engine in the course of gradual improvement in the (there is a maturing process.)
Recognized as a reliable representative of American F110, F404 engine is not in the initial period of immediate compliance, F404 engine MEAN TIMEBETWEENMAINTENANCE ACTIONS (MTBMA) initial threshold is only ~ 70h (target 175h), after a certain period of time after use (presumably near the flight of thousands of hours) to reach the target. Should be noted that these two models are born in the U.S. airline industry during the making up of reliability, GE the company has taken many measures to ensure the engine's four indicators, it is tempered crafted.
I think there are some lines too are normal. Taihang engine made in China is still early in the use of equipment, which is InfantmortalityRegion = early death of the (early failure period). Be at least two or three years before entering Useful LifeRegion = normal carrier aircraft of ... ... to consider the number one requirement is reliability, power, or modified by the possibility of too little line! Further consideration of China-made engines do not have enough anti-salt Fog, mold, heat, smoke, corrosion of experience ~ ~ ~ ~ In order to secure domestic J-15 are hoping АЛ-31ФМ1 (99M1) the carrier type. However, the number one carrier aircraft power requirement is reliability, do not know Lao Maozi will not sell АЛ-31Фсер.3? The worst case is also used ~ ~ perhaps АЛ-31Ф basic?!
АЛ-31ФМ1 for Су-27СМ and Су-34. Such as Russia's own order Су-34 (Su-34) is the use of АЛ-31ФМ1. Mating of a small number of people say that the page can also be used Су-30, Су-33
And let АЛ-31ФМ1 "sea" is not technically difficult.
Powered aircraft carrier called the special requirements of most modern air force must have the characteristics, but the former is more demanding (but if the same type of land-based engine has a good foundation, then the "sea" of the process is more easily). Requirements such as the landing go around with a fast throttle power plant / thrust response characteristics, and land-based power is also needed. Representatives of three generations of machine model F110-400, АЛ-31Фсер.3, its land-based type of operating performance is not bad.
Of course, the working conditions of carrier aircraft has its particularity, it is certainly reflected in the design of the engine, such as "four anti" (anti-"salt spray, mildew, heat, smoke, corrosion") on the material, coating the special requirements, Again the engine during takeoff and landing requirements of a higher resistance to overloads (especially the engine load-bearing parts - bearings, install the nodes, edges and other parts of the connection installed, you need to strengthen the economic structures) ...
Engine control is a major key, usually by the aircraft carrier APC (approach thrust compensation) required to maintain a constant angle and flight speed, FADEC is now popular to this complex can replace the automatic throttle system. АЛ-31ФМ series has been installed FADEC, so modify the work is relatively more convenient.
As for the rumors once while back to "cottage" super bugs, and asked that - you imitate what means? No F/A-18E/F as the original standard machine, how to "thoroughly understand the original quasi-machine", how "cottage"? 611 did in the FC-1 04 frame new design shows a large area in their hands Gothic edge of the technology . According to the information I have run, 611 and 601 indeed had long been regarded DivertlessSupersonicIntakes their intake inlet and CARET learned the geography master the basic techniques. That is being developed by domestic 9500kgf thrust vector engines, although the thrust indicators look pretty good (9500kgf/6000kgf), the overall structural design similar to the F414, but the cycle parameters like РД-33 lineage, but also with the axisymmetric vectoring nozzle (AVEN) a. But not because of its low-bypass ratio, size is large, light can not be estimated, so this type of medium thrust engine in accordance with international standards for basic computing if the push to achieve this level more than eight, on the happy tears!
If you deliberately do 601 J-15 where the carrier-based aircraft at the same time, the other to go in that by the resurrection of a program derived from four generations - most likely with the CARET inlet technology - is expected to at least a decade before by the troops of the - double stealth carrier aircraft as a "cottage" super bugs, that's too far-fetched, right?!
Of course ~ It is said that the Chinese Navy carrier-based fighter is the favorite comparison like "wind gust" (Rafale)-M is so the size of the aircraft, the first generation J-15 would be so big, not like, that is no choice!! But the next generation of carrier-based fighter it? probably will ask the head slightly smaller than the generation ~ ~ If you compromise the process by further demand justice after the Hui will be out of the final out and the super-sized insects or perhaps something new!
After all our technical conditions beginning the 10-ton aircraft carrier may be large. It can only be engaged in five to six tons of solid foundation of the large nuclear-powered aircraft carrier will be the easier. If the Chinese navy's aircraft carrier is 6 tons, equipped with J-15 aircraft carrier-based aircraft of this size, is somewhat less favorable, but the time and cost does not allow us delay longer, consume more, spend more money to develop their own first-generation carrier-based fighter, so the project based on the results achieved 11B/BS transplantation, and then find out about a reference for the T-10K, look at some on the Su-27KUB (Su-33UB) of the AV map, the adaptation. . . Although the size of some embarrassment, but it is the most reasonable choice. . .
(Some estimates say: No, ah! Data indicate that the peace wing of Su-33 tail folded width of only 7.4m, parking area than the F-14, F/A-18E/F, "gust" (Rafale)-M are small But look at Russia, 66,600 ~ 67,500 tons full load displacement of Адмиралфлота советского союзаКузнецов number of carrier-based aircraft that can take the upper limit of only 4 Ka-27LD32 helicopters, 18Ka-27PLO helicopters, 2Ka-27S helicopters, 12 Su-33, 5 Su-25UTG / UBP, France Charles deGaulle only 40,500 tons full load displacement, the carrier aircraft that can take the upper limit of 40 various types of aircraft. there is nothing more telling than the reality! course! large aircraft has its advantages Department, but could offset its advantages at the single-ship aircraft carrier off the resulting carrier-based warplanes can carry a smaller number of problems?! worth carefully to see ~ ~)
I quote an old talked about the past ~ ~ 5 on behalf of the U.S. division has been the official, military, corporate general standard / from the CDC community club.china.com /
From about 2005, the U.S. government, military, businesses will be F-22A "Raptor" and the F-35 "Lightning" changed to "5th generation fighter", as the American Standard began with 5 generations! The light " Today, the United States is China's tomorrow ", and even more with the world, the Chinese Air Force's next-generation air superiority fighter large - developed by the 611 heavy-duty double stealth fighter ~ ~ J -20, but also by the Chinese marked the fourth generation of the early Five Chinese standard machine rose to a machine!!
611 can re-win this project four years, it seems it really was not a fluke. Review Group's views and one-sided, in itself very telling.
601 programs 611 programs as attractive, and 611 in weight and cost of the program is indeed an advantage, and technology into the way the program is a better understanding of the Chinese Air Force ...
Objectively speaking, the existing conditions and for the foreseeable future, the 611 programs 601 programs than in more realistic situation. Strictly speaking, ~ 611 and 601 are two options to do a copy on the basis of independent innovation of the article, only 601 of the program copied from the outset Unfortunately, the wrong object, and in fact go wrong Road, a copy misplaced and unnecessary programs, lost no accident nor innocent.
~ 611 compared to the program may not really satisfactory, but no choice, investment and money to optimize the perfect time to properly implement it have it! No question who is good and who's bad, no one better only who is more suitable, and who more realistic! in accordance with the views of the Chinese Air Force now, expectations and demands, the programs and the development strategy of 611 or more realistic.
Fourth generation fighter project appraisal certificate 601 and 112 plants of the people do not know how to take user psychology, far from any participation in this regard in international competition / face international users 611 and 132 plants. 601 to those who really are honest get too far, and had to take is within his own practice in a variety of programs in a relatively secure selected, and then to those who actually still have to say that the on-site The project is expected to take at least how much money to vote, which to overcome technical difficulties and present a comprehensive technical requirements to meet the many problems that exist, a lot of things flat out unhappy people, while the program is a big guy.
The most fatal error is the most stupid people ~ ~ 601 did not guarantee the time required for the project in accordance with out!!
In contrast, I heard ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ said at the time was not the responsibility of hearsay ~'s Yang Wei, director of 611, but he is said to set a military order on the spot, to ensure the next generation of the Chinese Air Force fighter prototype selected opportunities in 2010 before the end of first flight. . . .
In this way, who wins, and not difficult to predict it!
(There are several very important to China's future models, is first with Russian descent АЛ-31ФМ Series (99M Series) engine into the sky. Of course, will still have to use our own engine. Because in the past made the third generation of fighter aircraft developed the engine is achieved by Westerner first flight, then ... ... our fourth-generation fighter if they are still being asked to look at the top of the engine using the Westerner's first flight / fly for a while, and not too blame, after all, time waits for no ah!
Wait in line when the major changes would be able to battle too. Later use WS-15, it is estimated to be installed until the WS-15 can be used for at least another 6 to 7 years (though in July 2007, according to defense industry development, promote the country as soon as the fourth-generation fighter research, officially launched the WS-15 project development work, the red forest companies approved as a fuel transfer control of the project development unit, assumed control of multi-type main task of designing and manufacturing accessories. WS-15 is the first of a project before the aircraft engine project. However, due to technical difficulties, so new development of the aero-engine research and development cycle of airframe longer than 5 to 8 years.)
Fortunately, major changes in the line too much weight ratio is not low, then too the line from the series should also Infant mortality Region (early failure period) into UsefulLife Region (normal period), and can make up for WS-15 engine and equipment before the empty slot.
Even so, if the line if the series has always been not very good too, it first with the Russian descent АЛ-31ФМ Series (99M Series) engine, later replaced by WS-15 directly to it)
Of course! Has chosen to engage re-~ ~ d, due to a shortage of 611 twin has experience in the design of large aircraft, so in the 611 to win to re-post this item IV, had to find out a certain part of 601, from 601 to go along some of the technical.
The most important thing is - and strive to be on time, shelf-life victories to complete the research task. Do not just eat alone winning food, but also to lose Do not bear a grudge!! Present China has no way to make our aviation industry as competitive as Americans, really made the technology demonstration demonstrator / prototype to PK will be played before .
So who will inevitably lose is not satisfied, not willing! But from another point of thought, within his own party to lose the program actually optimized is misplaced and superfluous copy / walk the wrong path, does not meet the actual situation, do not attract the attention of experts, not to customer satisfaction program, it can blame? If even the beginning of the project proposals are done, how will the review group believe that they can get the project?!
In short, everything to look forward! Brothers Do not be too care about, love for the country now! Whether CAC or SAC, would like to get alone own one replacement of air power in China is basically impossible, so even as win win project to fly, only to him Lord, want to win the successful completion of the sacred mission, or need a big collaboration with a number, each focused.
Chinese Air Force's next-generation air superiority fighter is not a large air called J12 Li Xiangyang, nor called J13, J14, the number certainly much greater than this. Really do not understand how the arrangement in the end, because after that I heard in several numbers have also been occupied by friends. So the Chinese Air Force has determined - and by the 611 stealth re-developed twin-called F -20 F-course of the !!..... ~ According to the practice of a unit, would certainly have taken F -20 dubbed "X Dragon" fighter!!
As for the number of rows where, and why are 20 now?! This is purely a domestic own business, not in order, and U.S. imperialism in the F-22A, F-35 Competition digital size. I can see a few years later, when some foreign media reports mentioned that when J -20, may be called ChineseF-20fighter / CHINAS CHENGDU F-20 fighter (as some foreign media said today as ChineseF-10 J -10 fighter / CHINAS CHENGDU F-10fighter), that moment must have come down in frustrated former Tiger sharks (TigerShark) tears in the old tomb and said: "This kid, and my namesake ah. sincere wish him more powerful, more robust! destroyed the Han Han Han's, exports to sulk for the old man!
Cheng Fei in early 2009, have a great job with the Shenyang Aircraft mobilization, YANG no longer serve as director of the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute office, transferred to deputy chief engineer in the aircraft industry; changed either by the quarter Xiaoguang, director of the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute. Sun Cong ceased to be director of the Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute office, but also turn he was appointed Deputy Chief Engineer Aviation Industry Corporation, replaced by Zhao Min any Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute.
Yang Wei Cong new position with the Sun is responsible for one of the major Chinese air force selected the next generation of aircraft models.
Chinese Air Force selected the next generation of fighters on the ship there is no plan, at least for now, its not this type of thing the Navy.
Air Force next-generation fighter program in China, competition in the assessment of loss of 601, the first generation of our military in the development of carrier-based fighter J-15, but also than the former and then again on a decade or so later the army will be developed second-generation carrier-based fighter. It is estimated that the program used in the project appraisal review defeat of the "program" switch to carrier-based design. With the Navy on a ship in a related model, already drawing 601.
Many people think that - that are engaged by the Chinese Air Force 611 last year, four generations of the selected machine, or to give more consideration to the ship, it was suggested to China Aviation Industry Corporation defense subsidiary to undertake the twin projects stealth re-F , took the program as the main body 611. Money to pay the Air Force voted the national capital, to achieve the program. Then the Navy also really invest money and then, 611 has been the Air Force selected in this program continue to improve, to do carrier program.
The problem is not fully considered the beginning of things to be on the ship, into the feasibility of the number of carrier aircraft? Difficult how high?! Really would be more peace of mind to save money?!, Or go first safe think of run.
Furthermore, four generations of machines with standard carrier-based aircraft, such things are bound to do a think about it, but how the Navy is positioned. To 601 out, how can not understand? First, people are now engaged in J-15, carrier-based fighter developed for the design and practical experience with the (even if not to mention a wealth of experience), and second, people of low technological level (I'm not sure who in the end is the curse 601 What state of mind) and the third is the Air Force had four generations of local people get the job, if not no rice on the future, but the J-15, after all, three generations, not to 601 but also put forward a four-generation aircraft carrier-based version, do the Chinese to be self-inflicted martial arts? create the next generation fighter under development when the project found to be only a strong can do 611 to?!
Although the single-carrier from China, the number of the foreseeable, the more than ten years or even twenty years later, with four generations of carrier-based aircraft manufacturing unit standard number may not be too much. But do not ignore ~ ~ Naval Air Force, according to the different landing base is divided into land-based aviation and air carrier. Land-based naval air force fighters and then count the upgrading of the estimated future aggregate demand, at least no less than two hundred!
Fourth, after the J-15 carrier-based aircraft early identification of a successor, to 601 out, you can do to ensure that the Chinese Air Force 611 last year to concentrate on four generations of the selected machine, not half-hearted, eating bowls of still misses the pot .
J-15 carrier-based opportunities in what engine?
Aviation accident rate as the engine should behave as a "bathtub curve." Bathtubcurve = bathtub curve, bathtub curve, curve, display products, the failure rate at different times. Consists mainly of InfantmortalityRegion = early death of the (early failure period), Useful Life Region = normal period (random failure period), WearoutRegion = loss of (degenerate expiry date). That equipment used in the beginning, the engine's high accident rate, and then enter a long time to reduce and stabilize the state, and finally to the end of the engine life, accident rates will rise again, so the function curve showing the shape of the tub.
"Bathtub theory" "bathtub curve" is not casual, the U.S. military will "bathtub curve" used to explain the statistical equipped aircraft or engine service life in different stages during the good rate. According to U.S. military statistics, the U.S. military's F-16 series started from 1975 and changing, just fly hundred and sixty one hour, there is a crash crash, every one hundred thousand hours flying the aircraft accident rate of six hundred xxi. Twelve second year, as high as four hundred forty-two. Twenty-eight, third, four years a little better, but the first five years, the U.S. F-16's crash rate, there are three. Tiananmen, and then slowly decreased.
Reliability, with the engine in the course of gradual improvement in the (there is a maturing process.)
Recognized as a reliable representative of American F110, F404 engine is not in the initial period of immediate compliance, F404 engine MEAN TIMEBETWEENMAINTENANCE ACTIONS (MTBMA) initial threshold is only ~ 70h (target 175h), after a certain period of time after use (presumably near the flight of thousands of hours) to reach the target. Should be noted that these two models are born in the U.S. airline industry during the making up of reliability, GE the company has taken many measures to ensure the engine's four indicators, it is tempered crafted.
I think there are some lines too are normal. Taihang engine made in China is still early in the use of equipment, which is InfantmortalityRegion = early death of the (early failure period). Be at least two or three years before entering Useful LifeRegion = normal carrier aircraft of ... ... to consider the number one requirement is reliability, power, or modified by the possibility of too little line! Further consideration of China-made engines do not have enough anti-salt Fog, mold, heat, smoke, corrosion of experience ~ ~ ~ ~ In order to secure domestic J-15 are hoping АЛ-31ФМ1 (99M1) the carrier type. However, the number one carrier aircraft power requirement is reliability, do not know Lao Maozi will not sell АЛ-31Фсер.3? The worst case is also used ~ ~ perhaps АЛ-31Ф basic?!
АЛ-31ФМ1 for Су-27СМ and Су-34. Such as Russia's own order Су-34 (Su-34) is the use of АЛ-31ФМ1. Mating of a small number of people say that the page can also be used Су-30, Су-33
And let АЛ-31ФМ1 "sea" is not technically difficult.
Powered aircraft carrier called the special requirements of most modern air force must have the characteristics, but the former is more demanding (but if the same type of land-based engine has a good foundation, then the "sea" of the process is more easily). Requirements such as the landing go around with a fast throttle power plant / thrust response characteristics, and land-based power is also needed. Representatives of three generations of machine model F110-400, АЛ-31Фсер.3, its land-based type of operating performance is not bad.
Of course, the working conditions of carrier aircraft has its particularity, it is certainly reflected in the design of the engine, such as "four anti" (anti-"salt spray, mildew, heat, smoke, corrosion") on the material, coating the special requirements, Again the engine during takeoff and landing requirements of a higher resistance to overloads (especially the engine load-bearing parts - bearings, install the nodes, edges and other parts of the connection installed, you need to strengthen the economic structures) ...
Engine control is a major key, usually by the aircraft carrier APC (approach thrust compensation) required to maintain a constant angle and flight speed, FADEC is now popular to this complex can replace the automatic throttle system. АЛ-31ФМ series has been installed FADEC, so modify the work is relatively more convenient.
As for the rumors once while back to "cottage" super bugs, and asked that - you imitate what means? No F/A-18E/F as the original standard machine, how to "thoroughly understand the original quasi-machine", how "cottage"? 611 did in the FC-1 04 frame new design shows a large area in their hands Gothic edge of the technology . According to the information I have run, 611 and 601 indeed had long been regarded DivertlessSupersonicIntakes their intake inlet and CARET learned the geography master the basic techniques. That is being developed by domestic 9500kgf thrust vector engines, although the thrust indicators look pretty good (9500kgf/6000kgf), the overall structural design similar to the F414, but the cycle parameters like РД-33 lineage, but also with the axisymmetric vectoring nozzle (AVEN) a. But not because of its low-bypass ratio, size is large, light can not be estimated, so this type of medium thrust engine in accordance with international standards for basic computing if the push to achieve this level more than eight, on the happy tears!
If you deliberately do 601 J-15 where the carrier-based aircraft at the same time, the other to go in that by the resurrection of a program derived from four generations - most likely with the CARET inlet technology - is expected to at least a decade before by the troops of the - double stealth carrier aircraft as a "cottage" super bugs, that's too far-fetched, right?!
Of course ~ It is said that the Chinese Navy carrier-based fighter is the favorite comparison like "wind gust" (Rafale)-M is so the size of the aircraft, the first generation J-15 would be so big, not like, that is no choice!! But the next generation of carrier-based fighter it? probably will ask the head slightly smaller than the generation ~ ~ If you compromise the process by further demand justice after the Hui will be out of the final out and the super-sized insects or perhaps something new!
After all our technical conditions beginning the 10-ton aircraft carrier may be large. It can only be engaged in five to six tons of solid foundation of the large nuclear-powered aircraft carrier will be the easier. If the Chinese navy's aircraft carrier is 6 tons, equipped with J-15 aircraft carrier-based aircraft of this size, is somewhat less favorable, but the time and cost does not allow us delay longer, consume more, spend more money to develop their own first-generation carrier-based fighter, so the project based on the results achieved 11B/BS transplantation, and then find out about a reference for the T-10K, look at some on the Su-27KUB (Su-33UB) of the AV map, the adaptation. . . Although the size of some embarrassment, but it is the most reasonable choice. . .
(Some estimates say: No, ah! Data indicate that the peace wing of Su-33 tail folded width of only 7.4m, parking area than the F-14, F/A-18E/F, "gust" (Rafale)-M are small But look at Russia, 66,600 ~ 67,500 tons full load displacement of Адмиралфлота советского союзаКузнецов number of carrier-based aircraft that can take the upper limit of only 4 Ka-27LD32 helicopters, 18Ka-27PLO helicopters, 2Ka-27S helicopters, 12 Su-33, 5 Su-25UTG / UBP, France Charles deGaulle only 40,500 tons full load displacement, the carrier aircraft that can take the upper limit of 40 various types of aircraft. there is nothing more telling than the reality! course! large aircraft has its advantages Department, but could offset its advantages at the single-ship aircraft carrier off the resulting carrier-based warplanes can carry a smaller number of problems?! worth carefully to see ~ ~)
I quote an old talked about the past ~ ~ 5 on behalf of the U.S. division has been the official, military, corporate general standard / from the CDC community club.china.com /
From about 2005, the U.S. government, military, businesses will be F-22A "Raptor" and the F-35 "Lightning" changed to "5th generation fighter", as the American Standard began with 5 generations! The light " Today, the United States is China's tomorrow ", and even more with the world, the Chinese Air Force's next-generation air superiority fighter large - developed by the 611 heavy-duty double stealth fighter ~ ~ J -20, but also by the Chinese marked the fourth generation of the early Five Chinese standard machine rose to a machine!!
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