HQ-9 area air defense missiles, Changfeng Electromechanical Technology Research and Design Institute of China (the name of the Aerospace Engineering Group Second Hospital) research and development, Chinese-made air defense missiles and strategic missiles are out of Changfeng Electrical and Mechanical, Electrical and Mechanical Technology of it with the Seahawks The (Department of Space Hospitals) a wonderful pair. The latter series of high-quality products is the Eagle anti-ship missile hit and the Red Bird series of cruise missiles, taking the upper series, other than all the anti-ship missile developed in China. From nearly half a century since the late 50's, the hospital has developed the HQ-1, 2,3,4, HN-5 and other five models and production service, HQ-7, HQ-9, HQ-15, FT -2000, QW-1, WQ-2, FN-6 and other 7 models are being mass production, there are three models are being designed, and another three models have been for the early pre-research and development project.

History

China's first red flag -9 is a regional air defense missile, the central focus of this cross-century project has always attached great importance to the State, even if the decision to introduce S-300PMU1 did not terminate the development of HQ-9, it shows the special status. HQ-9 is the central green light under the high-level products, their investment had not been interrupted, the attitude of high-level weapons and equipment are often related to the fate, which is the flag -9 dismount after several generations of leaders have been the reason.

The actual project code-named for the red flag -9 10 project, is supporting the introduction of the S-300PMU1 (15 号 engineering / red 15), the product, so the HQ-9 and J -10 are the darlings of Chinese frontier defense.

-9 Flag is the U.S. Patriot missile such as the order of models, is China's real leap in the air defense missile technology of models even in highly developed Western technology under the premise of the Patriot air defense missiles from service in 1972 spent a total of R & D to 13 years; the former Soviet Union in 1967 began the development of the S-300P has spent 13 years before the official service; Taiwan's Sky Bow I began designing in 1981, to serve you spent 12 years later. HQ-9 号 started to develop about 1980 to 19,955 for the initial shape and a small amount of production of experimental units delivered to the trial spent about 15 years. China's relatively backward scientific and technological strength to develop such missiles, we can see two homes in the flag -9 who spent hard labor of the ordinary.

HQ-9 is the most advanced third-generation air defense missile systems, anti-air space is characterized by large, multi-target anti-jamming and anti-saturation attack capability, advanced guidance system (with two command and control system), enough to adapt to the needs of modern warfare ; particular, it is the first anti-tactical missile with limited domestic weapons systems span a considerable level of technology, so much attention and high expectations. Two homes in the development process can not imagine the difficulties often faced with the pressure because we own and the United States and Russia, there are still more than half of generation of the technology gap (1995). Though there are difficulties, but the Chinese recognize recognize that, once we break through bottlenecks and HQ-9 production technology, will significantly enhance the research and development level of China's air defense missiles, the Chinese catch up with the world advanced level. Therefore, HQ-9 in the S-300 series of competitive pressure, is still the engine of high-tech eye-space systems.

HQ-9 from the two homes is responsible for overall design of the second design department, responsible for all other plants projectile design, engine, radar guidance systems, air defense missiles are out in force the essence of industry. HQ-9 four-engine from the Department of Space School (Sunningdale company) design and production.

Two-stage missile using solid red -9 structure engines, a propeller diameter of 700 mm, two 560 mm diameter, main engine, polyether polyurethane propellants are used, the maximum speed of Mach 4.2, the main attack enemy aircraft at high altitude or missiles.

Air defense missiles in the world, the red flag -9 large size cutting-edge anti-aircraft missiles in active service after the 9M82 and S-300V Antey-2500's 9M82M; the length of 8.5 meters and more than 9M82. As amazing body, so each wheel Yi heavy tractor trailer only three placed tube filled with inert gas storage and transportation of the missile launch.

HQ-9 has a maximum range of 200 km, shooting high from 0.5 to 30 kilometers, from the performance and Firing of these can be found in the engine technology and thrust efficiency are not first-class, solid motor maturity, are less favorable than the S-high-speed performance 300PMU, than the S-400, S-300V, Patriot II PLUS (PAC-2 +) and PAC3 greater the gap, the volume and maximum range, is not proportional to the high shot, but in recent years has been China's solid rocket motor technology made a leap forward. Trial out of four homes have the equivalent of S-300V, S-400, PAC-3, THAAD solid engine, must have been absorbing advanced technology from Russia; also pay close attention solely on the trial for the kinetic energy of the Chinese THAAD interceptor missile array of small solid motor unit, and has made great breakthrough.

HQ-9 test-fired at the end of 1994, conditions and technical progress for some of the more ideal to do modifications, such as composite thermal structure of the long tail nozzle, anti-static anti-RF safety ignition technology, in order to reduce the Motor Exhaust on missile guidance signal attenuation and interference, specifically a kind of modified low smoke propellant to substantially increase the missile's control accuracy and survivability, and therefore well received. From these new technologies can be easily found, HQ-9 and KS-1, S-300PMU1, PAC-2 +, Sky Bow I also follow the TVM (Track ViaMiSSle) This special semi-active guidance mode control, because they are need to bomb on the downlink received signal, the phased array radar also has this feature. It can be seen early in the Q-9 H such as the two institutions is indeed still made a few years the technology gap with foreign countries, because the S-400, PAC-3, Sky Bow II missiles, etc., have adopted active radar for the last paragraph head tracking target. As with the flag -9 phased array radar with the same Kay Hill One home-made air defense system is the last paragraph of the first use of active radar seeker for the air defense missiles, KS One official exhibition in Junbo to flag -12 as appearance, said Hill One of the last paragraph of Mingkai active radar seeker technology is clearance, so the latest estimate of the HQ-9 modified by the last paragraph may be active radar seeker.

HQ-9 missile is currently the lanes are cylindrical, conical bullet, only four external smooth trapezoidal rudder, there are four missile small central strip extending to the rudder before the wing, while the role of a reinforcing rib , the same principles and standards to increase the mobility of the missile, all playing with the FT2000 similar appearance, but enlarged by nearly 3 meters. Way by the early part of the missile inertial guidance + radio command + middle of the last paragraph of TVM Compound guidance mode.

Guess the red flag -9 Performance

The performance of HQ-9 is as follows: playing longer than 9 meters, 0.7 meters diameter bombs; aspect ratio of about 12.9, close to the Patriot's 12.6, its high-speed performance is slightly less than the volume but also with a boost control of the S-300V (9M82) is better. Weighing about 2 tons of bombs, bullets heavier than 180 kg, carrying factor of 11 better than the S-300V and PAC-2 +, but inferior to S-300PMU1. As with other types of missile warhead is triggered by the radio proximity fuse prefabricated high-explosive fragmentation type.

Maximum speed of Mach 4.2 missile, the maximum flight time of more than two minutes.

HQ-9 estimated the minimum range of 6 km, a maximum range of 200 km, the minimum shoot 0.5 kilometers, the largest radio and 30 km, the minimum is slightly larger range and shot high. Intercept ballistic missiles when the maximum range of less than 30 km, compared with S-300 series, 40 km to be poor. The killing rate of the single plane from 0.7 to 0.9; limited top speed of less than smaller and flight envelope, in the Class M-9 of the interception of ballistic targets, to adopt a non-head T-shaped fan tactics block, single kill probability higher than 30% is unlikely, this situation is also found in Taiwan ATBM body.

Inertial + missile guided way to take command + TVM, with the S-300PMU1 and PAC-2 + is similar, but different from the S-300V (inertia + semi-active radar), PAC3 and S-400 (inertia + command + active radar). Patch antenna with a seeker, it is estimated work in the C-band, the missile hit the point to predict the proportional navigation method to control. Approach is loaded drum launch triple vertical launch, each camp has 12 launchers, 36 missiles, six missile to a control block 3-6 at the same time in different directions of the target, the first use of aircraft targets 1-2 missiles, ballistic goal of doubling the firing interval of about 5 seconds. Expand the whole system for about 6 minutes, the reaction rate 12 to 15 seconds, which are comparable to S-300 series of data. Missile maximum mobility 22G, reload time of 2 minutes, the vehicle carrying a maximum speed of 60 km.

-9 Flag is the most exciting SJ series of phased array radar, which is the KS-1 of the SJ-202 phased array radar, improved amplification type, and the Patriot's MPQ-53 is more similar to but different from the S-300 series, and therefore is likely to adopt the same C-band operation. Azimuth scan angle of 120 degrees, tilt angle from 0 to 90 degrees, the beam width of 2 degrees, a strong anti-interference ability, the transmitter peak power of 1000 kilowatts, about 60 kW average power, radar precision than S-300V in 9S32 phase lead Citation radar can simultaneously track 300 km, the Mach 7 under 100 aerial targets, and threat assessment automatically select the most threatening target 6 assigned to the launching vehicle, the overall performance of no less than S-300PMV1 64N6 remote search radar, the main antenna array is circular sidelobe interference cancellation for multiple rectangular array, Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) antenna works at L-band.

The phased array radar pulses with full coherent frequency agility (FA) technology from aimed at jamming, for the main beam and sidelobe cancellation antenna selection with good spatial ability; with anti-clutter, deception jamming, elimination of negative interference, anti-radiation missile decoy to capacity; another extremely powerful because the power transmitter with a few foreign radar "burn-through capacity", can completely suppress the American low-power jammers, integrated electronic Fanfan system (ECCM) capability strong.

Air defense command and control centers have more than the same liquid crystal display and control units, each display and control console with two 20-inch color LCD multifunction plan position indicator (PPI). Weapons control computer (WCC) is a new ultra-large scale integration (VLSIC) 32K parallel digital computers, with fixed and floating point capabilities, there are 3 memory, both input and output devices and an external device interface, an officer and Two soldiers will be able to complete the entire engagement process, and through pre-programmed to self-test machine. Board are all plug-in, repair and replacement is very convenient, improvement potential, degree of automation, better than the S-300 series.

Anti-missile capability flag -9

HQ-9 long-range development of the early band only required to combat air wing aircraft, the function of intercepting ballistic missiles dispensable, HQ-9 from the early maximum speed of propellant and the anti-missile warfare, the effects look good. 1991 Gulf War, the "Patriot" air defense missile war "Scud" missiles completely awakened the Chinese designers, we wake up feeling only the pain resolved substantially modified beginnings of red -9 samples, so that it has anti-missile capability, this development trend with the world anti-aircraft missiles. At that time, almost urgent homeland defense readiness tight, with anti-missile capability flag -9 can not be served in the short term, so the central authorities had to negotiate the introduction of S-300PMU hand for reference and homeland defense emergency, the other red -9 significantly improved, so that it has a anti-missile capability.

Improvement work began in 1994, the main change the layout of the missile warhead design, with vertical launch technology, the introduction of more high-speed CPU and advanced specialized software, automation and speed of response, shooting and killing a substantial increase in the probability of other attendant. But subject to the limitations of the original design, its anti-missile capability still can not be compared with the S-300. Until 2000, along with cutting-edge technology, China's national defense of the Breakthrough, the red flag -9 be considered anti-missile capability of a turnaround, it has also been through several years of testing and test, and finally the first batch of equipment to the North empty and blue air-air missile units.

HQ-9 the highest speed and HQ-2B, KS-1, Sky Bow II is similar to the expansion of the scope of anti-missile defense, reduce the enemy time to increase the lethality are inadequate, particularly when the head-blocking effect even worse. Taiwan ATBM as only suitable flanking Run out, so the red flag -9 in terms of speed alone can not be with the US-Russian anti-missile capability, and mention. However, HQ-9 has the world's largest 180-kg warhead to increase its number of points integrated combat capability, compared with S-300PMU1, S-300V, PAC-2 warhead weight 143 kg, respectively, 150 kg, 80 kg. Warheads with newly designed semi-active radio proximity fuse, directional anti-personnel fragmentation prefabricated, there are fragments on a million units, static scattering angle of 50 degrees. Although the design of more traditional, but because the weight of large, destructive power second only to the special design of its detonation device S-300V2.

HQ-9's overall performance although not more than HQ-15, but its combat systems and C4I capability microelectronics appearance full of Western style and performance more impressive than the missile itself. Electronic technology is the HQ-9 minority leader in the individual one of the S-300, almost equal to its level of sophistication similar products in Europe and America, which is 90 years since the integration of EU-Russia weapons systems development road with Chinese characteristics, and therefore the future HQ-9 should still be optimistic about the potential improvements.

Improvement and Equipment

HQ-9 in 1997 and served in a small experimental unit was involved in air defense operations in the territory and the combat alert duty missions and shot down in the high-altitude reconnaissance balloons and unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. July 1999, after further improvement of the pioneer batch for the first time the other was successfully tested in the northwest range; in late August, the first air defense forces of another experiment in live-fire target practice at high altitude test, when the phased array radar long-range tracking immediately after finding the target lock, then off crushing drone missile. Then HQ-9 in the dark clouds and strong wind to come from high, medium and low altitude different types of drones break in different directions, the scene will be watching the Air Force Commander Liu Shunyao and other generals on the HQ-9's superior operational performance and altitude rapid response capability of radar electronic system left a deep impression, and spoke highly of.

Technical and performance details from the above we can see, HQ-9 missile itself ordinary performance, but phased array radar electronic equipment and a very modern, reliable, huge development potential. With the rapid development of military microelectronics industry, the HQ-9 instead of the standard of better electronic equipment, one on this part of the S-300 series is really behind a lot of technology just to have some display and control console generation or 5 to 10-year gap. However, if a more integrated performance and system integration of advanced European, American and Russian air defense missile systems, or got the upper hand.

To compensate for the gap between hardware and software, so that overall performance close to the foreign level, a small amount of production in the HQ-9 and into the military after the trial, the hospital has already developed its own modified for missile programs, especially the propulsion system of technological innovation, including: establishment of high-energy fuel HTPB tactical missile production line; using high-quality fiber / epoxy composite motor case, to meet a variety of complex loading conditions, the shell strength and stiffness of the stringent requirements; nozzle technology to high-quality practical than red the introduction of new products, reduce the overall weight of the structure.

After the above improvement measures, it is now truly mass production of HQ-9A performance will be quite different, especially in the anti-missile operations, performance and advantages will be very prominent, with appropriate improvements and upgrades of electronic equipment will become the world advanced dual-use advanced regional air defense missile system. Future self-developed new Hongqi series will combine the EU-Russia integration of advanced technology to become independent of the United States, Russia, the European family of air defense missile system to another pole.