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Russia's "brother" magazine recently papers on the history of special forces, structure, equipment, and a detailed analysis of the task. The report noted that although the formation of special forces in China not long, but full of mystery. The following is an article of the special forces of our country.
China's special forces are part of the national armed forces, special forces into the Army and Navy special forces.
First, the Chinese People's Liberation Army Special Forces
History: Liberation Army Special Forces trained in high-tech reconnaissance and local conflicts in combat missions.
People's Liberation Army and has not been set up special forces of the establishment. Before 1988, the functions of special forces troops have been borne by the reconnaissance, which is widely used to perform a variety of special tasks, including special reconnaissance, raids, ambushes, intelligence gathering, and capture enemy and so on.
People's Liberation Army reconnaissance unit was actively involved in the 1979 and 80s of last century in the Vietnam border conflict. At that time, their equipment and organizational structure of the PLA's conventional military forces with no significant difference, with the modern sense of the special forces are very far.
The lead agency for the first time the PLA began an interest in special operations in the mid-80s. At that time, the Chinese military leadership has been gradually abandoned the concept of people's war, and begin to understand the use of a variety of modern weapons and equipment of local conflicts.
People's Liberation Army generals responsible for military planning and military officers were aware, the next one near the Chinese border, the war will be a very short military campaign, far less than large-scale forces and human use of the traditional war. And Vietnam in Experience shows that the process of conducting such a war, a large number of troops in a very long period of time may not get the grips with the enemy face to face, but at the same time, the enemy's small unit Fenduiyoukuai constantly De the harassing acts of sabotage. Chinese military special forces from the Vietnam-made lessons of the correct conclusion.
In 1988, the Guangzhou Military Region of China occurred in their first rapid reaction force, and its commitment is the special operations missions. Enough into the base of this unit is the original military reconnaissance unit.
This rapid reaction force is not only equipped with new weapons, and began to accept the special survival training, armed swimming, parachuting and landing training. After a very short period of time, China's other military reconnaissance units have been adapted for the special forces, and began to exercise special operations tactics.
Structure: At present, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has a total of seven Special Operations Group. The troops were equipped with the seven belong to the seven military regions, and by the direct command of military leaders.
Process in the formation of special forces, the PLA used the "special forces" of the term. The size of each brigade and regiment rather, is divided into three battalions, about 1,000 troops.
According to the task faced by different business in each specialty have a different number of groups. Each group formed by two main implementation of special reconnaissance missions. Direct operations in the implementation of tasks, from the special forces unit in the scale by a reinforced company of combat units.
In addition to the military's special forces are equipped, but the corps, division and regiment levels force field also has to perform a limited series of special reconnaissance and special operations units.
18 PLA Army are to have their own special reconnaissance forces, their numbers and fighting ability and a very camp. Each division also has a number of about 120 people with special reconnaissance. The various groups will set up a number of people in the 30-40 special reconnaissance platoon.
All of these forces are considered to be the Chinese Army special operations forces components, because they will not only be able to perform direct combat missions, special reconnaissance, and can be implemented. The level of these three special forces training and equipping of the military situation and the special forces unit under considerable.
Tasks: the world, like all similar forces, the PLA special forces tasks also include special reconnaissance, direct operations, gathering intelligence, unconventional warfare and counter-terrorism actions.
Under the relevant regulations and codes of action, reconnaissance missions in preparation for the attack usually. Therefore, in order to help determine the offensive about the direction of the commander, reconnaissance troops will be deployed on all fronts to implement the identified enemy positions, command and weak zone defense mission.
Active surveillance activities may also include the Fire Scout, in order to expose enemy positions and build their own, the same time, this action could also be used to attack the enemy means proven.
Corps, division, brigade and regiment under the Special Forces also perform these tasks. These can be in-depth enemy reconnaissance units to conduct reconnaissance in depth 8-20 km, or from the flank to collect intelligence on enemy operations.
These special forces equipped with light vehicles, motorcycles and off-road vehicles. Part of the reconnaissance unit will use unmanned aircraft to collect intelligence. People's Liberation Army UAV equipment available from the current car, trailer or hand throwing a launch.
Direct action: such tasks include the use of special forces behind enemy lines to carry out the positive short-term conflicts and other small-scale attacks.
People's Liberation Army Special Forces to perform tasks including attacks on the enemy's important objectives, or position, to rescue prisoners and capture enemy and so on. Its operational goals, including command posts, airports, seaports, bridges, weapons of mass destruction, and the positions and air defense systems. In addition, a number of special forces may also attack the civilian infrastructure, such as communication and power transmission lines. Through sabotage and attacks on these goals, the PLA's special forces can significantly reduce the enemy's ability to control and use of force.
Reconnaissance Action: People's Liberation Army Special Forces reconnaissance organizations with close ties, including the collection of weather, location of enemy command post, material storage sites, weapons of mass destruction, security positions, logistics troops, technology and equipment such as road information line and the offensive line, while also includes instructions for the guided weapons targets.
Action against terrorism: As the separatist activities in China, the growth of individual districts, the PLA special forces have begun to develop tactics against terrorism, including hostage rescue, etc..
They also in part with the Armed Police Force and local police collaboration. October 2002, the PLA special forces also participated in a joint anti-terrorism exercise held in Tajikistan.
Training: People's Liberation Army Special Forces training situation with other countries in the world is very similar to similar forces, but also special emphasis on physical training and soldiers to use weapons.
All special forces soldiers will undergo training in unarmed combat and field survival.
According to different tasks, some soldiers will force urban warfare, and coastal waters receiving combat training. Meanwhile, the special forces will absorb the special burst, communications, computers and translation professionals.
Weapons and equipment: the equipment used by the PLA special forces and weapons systems to be significantly better than the regular army troops, the soldiers of the standard weapons, including 95 automatic rifles, 88-style sniper rifles, 64-and 79-type assault rifles, 92 pistols and anti-tank rocket launchers. In addition, the secret combat missions, including for the implementation of the silent weapons. It is reported that the PLA is also studying abroad, special forces of light weapons.
People's Liberation Army Special Forces is also equipped with bulletproof vests, for the unit within the command center and liaison with the radio equipment, night vision equipment, portable telemetry system, laser range finder and GPS / GLONASS positioning systems and other special equipment.
China's special forces also use helicopters, Army Aviation troops to the enemy's rear projection. At the same time, they sneak into the enemy's rear side jeep.
In addition, some special forces have begun to use paraglider from the implementation of low altitude penetration of enemy territory.
Second, the Chinese navy special forces
Under the jurisdiction of the Chinese Navy reconnaissance undertake reconnaissance and sabotage missions, with belonging to the South China Sea Fleet of the Navy Marine Division.
The reconnaissance company based in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, and naval forces of other resident marine division about 5 km apart.
Reconnaissance Company and two platoons from the command (one for each row of the 30 people) with a total strength of about 100 people. The inside is also made even have a swimming perform the task armed detachments, numbering about 40.
The force of the soldiers are strictly selected from volunteers, and on the physical condition, psychological and educational level have strict requirements.
Field survival is also an important part of training. Typically, the soldiers will be transported to some traffic inconvenience, away from residential areas and the weather is changing for a long time of continuous exercise.
Special Forces training time per day up to 12 hours. In addition, each year will be three times the duration of one month's parachute training.
特种 combat training will last four years in total, and include diving, parachuting, navigation and positioning, blasting, driving vehicles and small vessels, and the use of standard communications equipment.
Weapons and equipment: Each special reconnaissance Chinese Navy are also equipped with light weapons, conventional and special weapons (such as the silenced guns), including 100 automatic rifles, submachine guns, 15-20 RPD-44, RP-46 and RPK-type light machine guns and pistols and so on. In order to destroy the enemy's effective strength, armored vehicles and other important goals, these forces may also be equipped with portable F-1, RG-42, RKG-3, RPG-2 and RPG-7 type rocket launchers. In addition, reconnaissance and sabotage missions of the units will be equipped with special weapons such as daggers shooting.
Chinese navy special forces mainly sea (using submarines and surface ships), and the way the air reconnaissance and sabotage units of delivery. To this end, these forces also can be equipped with a special system of underwater travel, underwater breathing apparatus, diving suits and parachutes and other equipment.
Mission to the coast, with a special forces as soldiers in camouflage uniforms, helmets, bulletproof vests, night vision equipment, communications equipment, and other signals used for positioning and transmission equipment.
Although the People's Liberation Army Special Forces established relatively late, but it is a well-trained, efficient completion of various tasks can crack.
Of course, with foreign counterparts, the Chinese special forces weapons and technical equipment still needs further improvement.
Meanwhile, the People's Liberation Army and Navy special forces are highly on these concerns and is ready to continuously improve their training and equipment.
Tasks: The main task of the Chinese navy special forces, including the use of optical, radio and photographic equipment on the coastline near the target, the enemy fleet stationed on the activities of reconnaissance, parked at the base in the elimination of surface ships and submarines, destroying important water conservancy facilities , anti-landing reconnaissance enemy defense case, anti-landing in the enemy defense, or remove obstacles in the open channel underwater obstacles on the coast near major transportation lines, military and industrial targets in attacks, destruction of military and civilian communications systems.
Means of transportation, including special forces transport aircraft, helicopters, submarines (including the ultra-miniature submarine), surface ships, ships and boats and so on.
Landing tasks in the implementation of the underwater damage to unit will act together with the first group of Marines.
All under the jurisdiction of the Chinese navy special forces reconnaissance behind enemy lines can be 12-18 km depth to the dispatch of reconnaissance and sabotage groups 4-6 people. The team deep behind enemy lines can be 30-40 km from the coast region of 10 continuous day and night time activities.
Training: reconnaissance company training program includes a total of 18 subjects, one of the most important for the special tactical training, diving, shooting, parachuting, car driving, mines and blasting, mountain training, topographic survey, medical care and physical training.
Special tactics training on enemy targets, including reconnaissance and raids against the enemy and other implementation. These forces not only in operations under field conditions, but also to fight within the settlements. To the soldiers have the ability to implement the above actions, training, institutional arrangements of subjects, including hijacking the ground or air transport system and evacuated to win a major communications equipment at sea, hit back goals.
Training in the shooting process, the most important thing is individual training. In order to improve the quality of shooting, the Chinese navy special forces training in using unconventional methods. Including firearms, hanging heavy objects on the increase and change the gun center.
During airborne training, the complex conditions (including the night, strong winds and low) of the jump is the focus of the training.
In the complex weather and geographical conditions of China and other countries combat training is a major feature. Training sites include the South China Sea near the hot and cold in the north beach and the mountains area.
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